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A tiny wire label likely caused the ship crash that hit the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore

@Derf mentioned this to me, and I thought that others might be interested also.

Following is a short report in The Scientific American:
A tiny, misplaced label on the ship that hit the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore in 2024 may have caused the catastrophic crash that killed six people, U.S. officials revealed on Tuesday.

The Dali hit the bridge after a series of electrical blackouts and system failures that led to loss of propulsion and steering control in the early hours of March 26, 2024. The strike caused the structure to collapse into the water below.

Investigators at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) have reported that a small label wrapped around a critical wire that was plugged into one of the many terminal boxes on the cargo ship had, over the course of years, caused the wire to come loose, tripping a breaker and causing the initial power outage on the ship.

“This tragedy should have never occurred,” said Jennifer Homendy, chair of the NTSB, said at a board meeting on Tuesday, according to the New York Times.

The report also found that the Dali’s crew had responded appropriately to the emergency. Because of the ship’s size and uncontrollable drifting, however, the crew’s actions to try to prevent the crash were ultimately futile.
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Comments

  • OMG. The pic brings that event back to life. So awful.
  • edited November 20
    Working my whole life in telecom, cable tags were on everything from power to data cables. Never heard of anything like that. Most of the time, the cables were extremely difficult to pull free of the connector, once seated fully. Maybe the tag got stuck in the connector during installation, so the cable's locking tab was never latched in place. Then vibration would take its toll.
  • edited November 20
    @DrVenture- Thanks for that. Worked for many years as radio communications tech, and I also wondered about that. Was thinking that somehow the tag slipped towards the end of the wire and interfered with the connection. Weird, though. But I have a lot of trust in the NTSB, unlike much of government.
  • edited November 20
    Hi @Old_Joe @DrVenture et al
    I would like to see a pic of that cable and how it was supposed to be fastened and secured. There must many types of vibrations that pass throughout a large ship that may cause problems.

    My work was also data, electro-mechanical; some with and without computer based systems. One of several data, single location sites in a metro area became erratic and going 'off-line' for various period lengths. This was in the early '90's when there was a large Michigan Bell central office in the area. I had worked with a few of the techs there previously and had their direct line phone numbers. There were times when the unit was back on-line by the time I had arrived. The telco c.o. never showed poor DB levels or signal to noise levels out of limits, as was the same for me. After 3 visits to this site, I used a handy-dandy $20 Radio Shack 'audio listening' device. It was a small plastic box w/speaker, a 9v battery and a black and red lead with alligator clips. I used this to listen to data signals, as one could become 'familiar' as to what certain data 'sounded' for troubleshooting. With this visit, the unit was still down. Listening to the circuit I could now hear, loud and clear, a local rock FM station playing a favorite song on the receiving data line. A follow up query noted that a ground wire for the cable shield was bad somewhere in a portion of the circuit. A section of the outside cable would become a large antenna. A strange one for sure. Apparently, the music signal was stronger than the data signal and the equipment didn't understand the song.:)
  • edited November 20
    "I used this to listen to data signals, as one could become 'familiar' as to what certain data 'sounded'
    for troubleshooting. With this visit, the unit was still down. Listening to the circuit I could now hear,
    loud and clear, a local rock FM station playing a favorite song on the receiving data line.
    A follow up query noted that a ground wire for the cable shield was bad somewhere
    in a portion of the circuit. A section of the outside cable would become a large antenna."

    Interesting story and good troubleshooting!
  • edited November 20
    @Catch22- How fantastic! That same Radio Shack monitor amp was my main go-to tool when trouble-shooting telco and other audio line circuitry. I had modified mine, and added a switch that could either place a 600Ω resistor across the line for testing dial-out circuits, or operate in a high-gain mode for detecting line noise situations. I still have that little amp. It's sitting four feet away from me right now, and still works great.

    One other mod that I made to it- I was always forgetting to turn it off, and I went through more damned 9-volt batteries than you'd believe. Finally I added a small yellow LED to the front panel so that I could see that it was still on.

    Great minds think alike, so that obviously includes you and me.
  • From what I saw on TV report. A small circuit board, 3 by 3 had a wire going to it that simply came apart from it's intended contact point. Maybe it never was fully pressed unto contact point.
  • Hmmm! That would be some seriously deficient engineering. Such a small item having that much impact and evidently no decent/reliable backup.



  • Well, that's a horse of a different color. A poor installation may have had a bad solder joint or mechanical connection causing an intermittent connection. I say this because I believe that earlier reports said that there had previously been intermittent failure of that electrical circuit. If the control circuit board caused a main breaker to intermittently trip there's no way that the crew could have dealt with that.
  • And it appears to have happened at a very bad moment, as well.

  • That's for certain.
  • I have read another report that quotes the NTSB saying it was an improper installation.improper installation.
    The NTSB determined the probable cause to be the “loss of electrical power (blackout), due to a loose signal wire connection to a terminal block stemming from the improper installation of wire-label banding,
    There will be admiralty lawyers all over that.

    I was working in maritime operations one night on San Francisco Bay when an ammonia tanker lost way inbound approaching the Golden Gate Bridge. Thanks to the pilot, and crew on board, a lot of people--including me--dodged a bullet that night.

    https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Tanker-s-Alarming-Close-Call-Chemical-laden-3041316.php

    I never did learn the cause.

  • Here's more information from WABAC's link, above. It certainly seems to be definitive.
    A labeling band on a single signal wire caused the electrical blackout that led to the containership Dali’s collision with Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge in March 2024, killing six highway workers, the National Transportation Safety Board revealed Tuesday.

    The investigation found that wire-label banding prevented the wire from being fully inserted into its terminal block spring-clamp gate, causing an inadequate connection in the 984-foot vessel’s electrical system. When the wire electrically disconnected, a high-voltage breaker opened unexpectedly, triggering a cascade of events that resulted in the loss of propulsion and steering as the Singapore-flagged containership departed Baltimore Harbor.

    “The Dali, at almost 1,000 feet, is as long as the Eiffel Tower is high, with miles of wiring and thousands of electrical connections,” said NTSB Chairwoman Jennifer Homendy. “Finding this single wire was like hunting for a loose rivet on the Eiffel Tower.”

    The initial blackout occurred at approximately 0129 local time on March 26, 2024, cutting power to critical systems including steering gear pumps, the fuel oil flushing pump, and main engine cooling water pumps. After the blackout, the Dali’s heading began swinging to starboard toward Pier 17 of the Key Bridge. Despite efforts by the pilots and bridge team to alter the vessel’s trajectory, the loss of propulsion rendered their actions ineffective.

    Comment:   What the gods would destroy, they first make a loose connection.


  • It seems to me the ship was having (problems) before the lose of power. So who , why , or what decided to send the tugs back to port before clearing the bridge? Hindsight for sure.
  • @Derf- If I remember correctly, there had been intermittent problems with the electrical system earlier. Evidently they had reset the faulty breaker and it seemed to be holding, and so someone (I would think the ship's captain) decided to "give it a try".
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