Howdy, Stranger!

It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!

In this Discussion

Here's a statement of the obvious: The opinions expressed here are those of the participants, not those of the Mutual Fund Observer. We cannot vouch for the accuracy or appropriateness of any of it, though we do encourage civility and good humor.

    Support MFO

  • Donate through PayPal

US banks are failing, and the authorities seem unlikely to intervene

• Trading halted in shares of two more US lenders as fears of banking crisis mount

• Regional lenders such as PacWest and Western Alliance are not seen as systemically important and more consolidation is ahead


Following is a current report from The Guardian:
Shares in two more US regional banks have been suspended. Regulators moved in to halt trading in Los Angeles-based PacWest and Arizona’s Western Alliance on Thursday after they became the latest victims of an escalating crisis that began with Silicon Valley Bank in March.

The message from central banks and bank supervisors is that this is not a rerun of the global financial crisis of 2008. That may be true. With the exception of Switzerland’s Credit Suisse, European banks have escaped the turmoil. It is specific US banks that are the problem.

There are a number of reasons for that: the business models of the banks concerned; failures of regulation; the large number of small and mid-sized banks in the US; and the rapid increase in interest rates from the country’s central bank, the Federal Reserve.

Luis de Guindos, vice-president of the European Central Bank (ECB), remarked on Thursday that “the European banking industry has been clearly outperforming the American one”. Although he will be praying his words do not come back to haunt him, he is broadly right. European banks, including those in the UK, do look more secure than those in the US – primarily because they tend to be bigger and more tightly regulated.

Despite being the 16th biggest bank in the US, Silicon Valley Bank was not considered systemically important and so was less stringently regulated than institutions viewed by federal regulators to be more pivotal. Many of its customers were not covered by deposit insurance and were heavily exposed to losses on US Treasury bonds as interest rates rose. The other banks that failed subsequently have tended to share many of the same characteristics: they were regionally based and are vulnerable to rising borrowing costs.

Unless the Fed rides to the rescue with cuts in interest rates, the options are: amalgamation, regulation or more banks going bust. The response of the US authorities suggests little appetite for a laissez-faire approach.

According to official data, the US has more than 4,000 banks – an average of 80 for each of the 50 states. The number has fallen by more than two-thirds since the peak of more than 14,000 in the early 1980s, but there is certainly room for greater consolidation. In an age of instant internet bank runs, customers will be attracted to the idea that big is beautiful.

The US authorities certainly do not seem averse to further amalgamation. When First Republic ran into trouble, it was seized by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and its deposits and assets were sold to one of the giants of US banking – JP Morgan Chase. Inevitably, there will be more takeovers and fire sales of assets as alternatives to bank failures. It is reasonable to assume that in 10 years’ time the number of US banks will be considerably smaller than it is today.

What’s more, the banks that remain – including those that are not taken over – are likely to be more tightly regulated and more closely supervised. Even if the Fed, the ECB and the Bank of England are right and a repeat of the global financial crisis has been averted, lessons are already being learned.

Comments

  • edited May 2023
    And here's an update to the previous report, edited for brevity.

    Trading halted in shares of two more US lenders as fears of banking crisis mount
    Trading in the shares of two more regional US lenders was temporarily suspended on Thursday amid a widening crisis for the country’s mid-sized banks.

    Regulators stepped in to halt trading in the Los Angeles-based PacWest and Arizona’s Western Alliance following dramatic drops in their share prices. It came after another mid-sized bank, First Republic, was sold to JP Morgan earlier this week. Depositors had pulled $100bn from First Republic, fearing their money was no longer safe.

    PacWest had sought to calm markets on Wednesday and said it was in talks with several potential investors after its shares fell by as much as 60%. But the sell-off continued on Thursday and affected other regional banks. Shares in PacWest fell 50% on Thursday after Bloomberg News reported that the lender was considering strategic options, including a sale or a fundraising round.

    The bank sought to reassure investors by saying it had not experienced unusual deposit flows. “Recently, the company has been approached by several potential partners and investors – discussions are ongoing,” it added.

    Western Alliance’s share price plummeted 45% after the Financial Times reported it was exploring strategic options, including a potential sale, which the bank strongly denied. It called the story “absolutely false” and said it had not experienced unusual deposit flows after the sale of First Republic. Its shares ended Thursday down 38%

    First Republic was the third US bank failure to be swept up in the crisis, the worst since 2008, after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature in March.

    Bill Ackman, chief executive of the New York hedge fund Pershing Square, warned that the entire US regional banking system was at risk. In a tweet before PacWest’s statement, he wrote: “Confidence in a financial institution is built over decades and destroyed in days. As each domino falls, the next weakest bank begins to wobble.

    “We are running out of time to fix this problem. How many more unnecessary bank failures do we need to watch before the FDIC [Federal Deposit Insurance corporation], and our government wake up? We need a systemwide deposit guarantee regime now.”
    The regional banking system is at risk. SVB's depositors' bad weekend woke up uninsured depositors everywhere. The rapid rise in rates impaired assets and drained deposits. Zeroing out shareholders and bondholders massively increased the banks’ cost of capital. CRE losses loom.…
    — Bill Ackman (@BillAckman) May 3, 2023
    PacWest said total deposits were $28bn (£22.2bn) as of Tuesday. “Our cash and available liquidity remains solid and exceeded our uninsured deposits,” it said.

    Other, less well-known regional banks have also been affected. Shares in the Dallas-headquartered Comerica were down 13%, and Zions Bancorporation fell by about 16% on Thursday. Unlike in the UK, smaller, regional banks play a big role in the economy, accounting for nearly half of US consumer and business lending.

    The sell-off came despite reassurances from the chair of the Federal Reserve, Jerome Powell, that the US banking system remained “sound and resilient”, after the central bank voted to raise interest rates to a 16-year high. The benchmark interest rate is now at a range of 5-5.25%.

    On Monday, JP Morgan, the biggest US bank, stepped in to acquire a majority of First Republic’s assets in a $10.6bn deal after regulators seized the lender, which became the largest US bank failure since 2008. It was the second largest collapse in US banking history, beaten only by the 2008 demise of Washington Mutual, which was also sold to JP Morgan.

    “You can’t ask JP Morgan to come to the rescue again,” said Neil Wilson, the chief markets analyst at the trading platform markets.com. He pointed out that Powell had said: “It’s probably good policy that we don’t want the largest banks doing big acquisitions.”

    Wilson added: “No, but that is what happened, because it was the ‘best’ outcome for the banking system … The quicker the Fed gets to a point of cutting rates, the better for these mid-size banks, but there is a lot more time and likely a lot more pain before we get there.”
  • QUACKman ... yawn.

    I read earlier that both fed and state regulators are starting to look into possible market manipulation and/or short attacks on the regionals by various parties. Frankly, I wouldn't rule out economic warfare being another way of 'getting at' or trying to destablize the US over things like China policy or support for Ukraine ... gods knows our DC politicians can't even agree on naming Post Offices these days, so good luck coming together over an existential threat to the country or its financial system.
  • edited May 2023
    rforno said:

    ”I read earlier that both fed and state regulators are starting to look into possible market manipulation and/or short attacks on the regionals by various parties.

    Yes, @msf referenced / linked a story in that regard earlier today in the PacWest Bank thread

    Short sellers are vicious. Some very good at what they do. They’ll pile on to any susceptible target. Suppose it reaches crisis proportions and garners attention from regulators when the stability of the banking system is at stake.
  • Protect the depositors, and drive the bond and stock owners to the wall.

    That's the hokey pokey.
  • What happened in the case of First Republic was that (large) uninsured depositors were made whole at the expense of bond holders; the equity will likely be wiped out even though FRCB (it replaced FRC) is trading at 32c. If there was a formal bankruptcy, bond holders would get higher, or at least equal, treatment vs uninsured depositors. That may be one reason why there has been a sharp selloff in regionals because investors don't trust their balance sheets, bonds or equities; and unless the Treasury/Fed/FDIC modify the deposit insurance, investors also fear that uninsured depositors won't be protected in every single regional bank failure.
  • What happened in the case of First Republic was that (large) uninsured depositors were made whole at the expense of bond holders; the equity will likely be wiped out even though FRCB (it replaced FRC) is trading at 32c. If there was a formal bankruptcy, bond holders would get higher, or at least equal, treatment vs uninsured depositors. That may be one reason why there has been a sharp selloff in regionals because investors don't trust their balance sheets, bonds or equities; and unless the Treasury/Fed/FDIC modify the deposit insurance, investors also fear that uninsured depositors won't be protected in every single regional bank failure.

    'Trust' is the biggest reason why I still don't directly invest in bank stocks. If I had to, I'd go with JPM, but nearly all others I wouldn't touch for a variety of reasons, even at fire-sale prices.
  • Maybe the Fed can begin issuing Wilsons, Chases and Madisons again so the cash will be easier to stuff under mattresses, bury behind the outhouse, or lock up in safes.
  • Also, banks issue most preferreds (noncumulative kind), so preferred PFF has been trashed.
    https://stockcharts.com/h-sc/ui?s=PFF&p=D&yr=1&mn=0&dy=0&id=p31136951271
  • edited May 2023
    At least you and I won’t have to pay to clean this up.

    FDIC Plans to Hit Big Banks With Fees to Refill Deposit Insurance Fund
  • edited May 2023
    4% in PFF in the taxable. Another E ticket. No need for me to sell. I can *enjoy* the ride.

    After 40 years in NORCAL, their small stake in PG&E is more concerning.
  • Long-term PFF chart from Twitter LINK. It is underperforming financials by a lot because of the concerns that noncumulative bank preferred may be worthless in the FDIC or other bank rescues.

    image
  • edited May 2023

    Long-term PFF chart from Twitter LINK. It is underperforming financials by a lot because of the concerns that noncumulative bank preferred may be worthless in the FDIC or other bank rescues.

    This is the #1 reason why I refuse to hold bank preferreds. In good times, they're fine - but when the banks get into trouble (often at their own doing) they can nix or suspend the preferred dividend and treat our money (likely now trading for a capital loss on OUR books) like an interest-free loan that's likely going to remain (until it recovers value to us) on THEIR books.

    I'm reminded of the scorpion-and-fox parable .... like the scorpion, banks just can't help themselves, because it's their nature.


Sign In or Register to comment.