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Fundamentals are more complex than they seem.
One of the simplest, yet most overlooked, stock market fundamentals is the dividend yield. Dividends are actual cash flows being paid out by corporations into the hands of investors.
You can’t fake, manipulate or fudge a dividend payment by hiring a talented CPA.
Dividends also happen to be one of the most resilient features of the stock market over the long-term.
A little bumpy at times but the real growth rate of 2.1% over the rate of inflation over the last 100 years is impressive.
That doesn’t sound like much but the inflation rate over this time frame was just shy of 3%. So nominal dividends have grown at an annual rate of roughly 5% since 1920.
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The dividends paid by the above funds, by in large, were coded as qualified dividends on my 1099. The difference between qualified and ordinary dividends is quite substantial when the time comes to pay taxes. As the name implies, ordinary dividends are taxed as ordinary income, while qualified dividends are taxed at a lower rate.
I have other funds that are good dividend payers with most of them of the being hybrid type which pay out mostly ordinary dividends with some of the dividends being coded as qualified.
Overall, qualified dividends accounted for about 10% of my income with ordinary dividends accounting for 23%. With this, dividends account for about a third of my income. This is one of my reasons for adding to my qualified paying dividend funds during the recent stock market swoon and that was to grow the amount of qualified dividends that I receive.
Thus, the qualified dividends payers have become and are a part of my tax management and investing strategy.
No cash on hand? Pay a stock dividend, or perhaps better, pay it in scrip (IOUs).
https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/2017/5/16/types-of-dividends
No retained earnings? No problem. Pay a nimble dividend out of current earnings. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_business-law-and-the-legal-environment-v1.0-a/s47-05-dividends.html
Lewis already addressed fudging at the fund level.
Though I do agree that you don't need an especially talented CPA for these maneuvers. This is all just Corporations 101.
best-8-funds-regular-dividend-income
https://fidelity.com/learning-center/investment-products/closed-end-funds/return-of-capital-part-one
https://investmentnews.com/funds-featuring-managed-payouts-off-to-rocky-start-19815
https://investornews.vanguard/updated-distribution-estimates-for-vanguard-managed-payout-fund-2/
https://investor.vanguard.com/mutual-funds/profile/distributions/vgsix
Vanguard essentially conceded how difficult this is when it merged three managed payout funds into one. It gave up the ghost in February, when it announced that it was changing the div schedule on VPGDX from monthly to annual starting at the end of this month (May).
https://www.barrons.com/articles/vanguard-throws-in-the-towel-on-its-managed-payout-fund-51582939988
REIT funds are another odd sort of mutual fund. They invest in REITs which often make return of capital distributions. I'd guess that funds holding REITs just pass this through but I've never looked closely at how REIT funds handle distributions. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/investor-education/learning-to-roll-with-roc-can-pay-off/article24704378/
When funds make return of capital payments they file IRS Form 8937. Outside of REIT funds and managed payout funds, such payments should be pretty rare. You can see that in Vanguard's list of 8937 filings:
https://personal.vanguard.com/us/insights/taxcenter/form_8937
Likewise, infrequent for American Funds (the July 2016 entries are for fund reorgs, not ROC)
https://www.capitalgroup.com/individual/service-and-support/tax-center/form8937.html
T. Rowe Price seems to have around 3-4 funds each year with ROC
https://www.troweprice.com/personal-investing/planning-and-research/tax-planning/dividend-distributions/corporate-actions.html
Pimco seems to have around a dozen or so funds each year with ROC
https://www.pimco.com/en-us/resources/tax-center