FYI: AMERICA’S equity markets are broken. Individuals and institutions make transactions in rigged markets favoring short-term players. The root cause of the problem is that stocks trade on numerous venues, including 11 traditional exchanges and dozens of so-called dark pools that allow buyers and sellers to work out of the public eye. This market fragmentation allows high-frequency traders and exchanges to profit at the expense of long-term investors.
Regards,
Ted
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/24/opinion/one-way-to-unrig-stock-trading.html?emc=eta1&_r=1